ABSTRACT. This manuscript compares Dialogical therapy which is based on Buber's philosophy, with Person-centered approach (PCA) to therapy which is based on Rogers’s theory of therapeutic relationships. From the comparison between them, I suppose that Dialogical psychotherapy and PCA represent two separate branches with differences mainly in their theoretical framework but with similarities in their therapeutic practice. Finally discussed are their relation to postmodern thought and constructivist principles and the possibilities for their complementary implementation.

PERENNIAL NETWORK - John Keith Wood, Ph.D. Director of Research, Planning and Operations - Estância Jatobá. Brazil.

E-mail network is the latest form of a perennial web for exchanging information and provoking perceptions between human beings. Individual brains interact with this lattice, which is part of culture, to forge cognitive development. Thus, symbolic thought and language are part of the cultural network.

These assertions will not be proved here. Interested readers may refer to recent writings on the evolution of consciousness. What I intend to point out is merely that with each innovation in the web, some consciousness is gained, some lost. This latest e-mail phenomenon has much in common with earlier media. Nevertheless, it must be understood on its own terms. In order to be used effectively, participants must learn how to think, feel and express themselves in this new context. They must learn how to function within its unity.

PROJECT ESTÂNCIA JATOBÁ - Lucila Machado Assumpçăo - Director of Creative Programs - John Keith Wood, Ph.D. Director of Research, Planning and Operations. Estância Jatobá. Brazil.

Inasmuch as the meaning of the phrase "the person-centered approach" has reverted to its original use as a philosophy for non-directive counseling, the following article may need a word of justification for inclusion in a journal largely devoted to client-centered therapy.

In the 1970's distillations of the method drew attention as being applicable to wider social situations - education, encounter groups, large group learning experiences. Vestiges of these activities in various stages of development and decadence remain.

My intention in offering this report is not to criticize any part of the spectrum of perception. Nor is it to lament the harshness of history, the good old times, the missed opportunities. It is to report on a project that I feel is consistent - if only through my own peculiar story - to Carl Rogers's work.

ABSTRACT This paper describes how the nondirective attitude, client-centered theory and the three attitudinal conditions inform and become evident in this therapist’s psychotherapy work with children. It is asserted that the Rogerian attitudinal conditions are sufficient regardless of whether or not the client articulates and understands his or her feelings. Two of Virginia Axline’s principles for child therapy are described as being somewhat in contrast with nondirective client-centered theory.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect on psychological well-being and intrapersonal congruence for women incest survivors, engaged in ongoing group psychotherapy, who participated in an Expressive Arts Workshop. The Expressive Arts Workshop utilized a person-centered approach. This approach invited each participant to explain what her art, music, and movement experience was like without interpretation from others. After a participant finished explaining what seemed important to her, group members were encouraged to focus on internal feelings related to what they had witnessed and were invited to share those internal reflections. The results of this study demonstrate that using person-centered expressive arts increases psychological well-being and intrapersonal congruence of adult women incest survivors. Thus, person-centered expressive arts used in conjunction with group psychotherapy can be effective in enhancing psychotherapeutic outcome.

ABSTRACT The structured exercise in empathic listening is designed to provide counselor trainees with an intensive and deliberate focus on the person-centered empathic process. By far the single most curative factor identified in counseling process and outcome research, empathy deserves to be a key focus of counselor research and training. Current psychotherapy outcome research estimates of empathy’s variance in effecting client positive change occur in the 40% range. This learning exercise is decidedly a highly effective tool for enhancing counselor’s capacities to practice empathy; with minimal, if any observable adverse effect on student-selected participants. Qualitative findings from more than 200 counselor trainees over a ten year period, along with a sub-sample of 23 trainees’ quantitative results point to the value of the empathy exercise as an especially useful method in counselor empathy training. Experience with the large number of exercises being conducted by trainees suggests that rare instances of a need for one-on-one supervision do occur; and that therefore, the trainer-supervisor must be mindful of the progress, process, and outcome of each case. In-class periodic assessments of general progress, along with individual student meetings and initiation of follow-up as needed are recommended.

PERENNIAL NETWORK - John Keith Wood, Ph.D. Director of Research, Planning and Operations - Estância Jatobá. Brazil.